temporomandibular joint (TMJ) issues (Jenna)

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) refers to the articulation of the jaw bone (the mandible) with one of the cranial bones (the temporal bone). This joint is a sliding hinge joint that is stabilized by surrounding structures including an articular disk and cartilage. 

There are a handful of reasons for TMJ pain or discomfort, but in most cases this pain/discomfort is temporary and can be managed with non-surgical treatments, and self-managed care. TMJ issues or disorders may occur in some cases when:
  • The articular disk within the TMJ erodes or moves out of alignment
  • Damage to local cartilage due to arthritis
  • Trauma to the joint resulting in joint damage 

​However, in some cases, the cause of TMJ is not clear. 

symptoms

  • Jaw pain, tenderness, or discomfort
  • TMJ pain, discomfort, or dysfunction
  • Ear aches, or pain surrounding the ear 
  • Painful or difficulty chewing
  • Facial aches or pain
  • Difficulty opening or closing the mouth (jaw locking)

causes

  • Genetics
  • Arthritis
  • Jaw injury 
  • Frequent grinding or clenching of the teeth 

treatment

  • Medication (such as anti-inflammatories or pain medication)
  • Mouth guards (if recommended by a physician)
  • Physiotherapy
  • Massage therapy 
  • Ice or heat therapy 
  • Acupuncture 
  • Biofeedback or relaxation techniques 
  • Surgery (beneficial in some cases)

how does physiotherapy help?

  • Physiotherapists can develop a personalized exercise program with a focus on strengthen surrounding muscles and improving flexibility and range of motion.
    • ​A modified exercise program is also helpful in reducing the risk of further injury or damage
  • Heat therapy can be helpful in improving blood circulation in the jaw while ice therapy may be used to reduce swelling and relieve pain. 
  • Manual therapy helps relieve tension in overused muscles to reduce any excess strain placed on the TMJ
  • Intramuscular stimulation (IMS) induces local inflammation to improve blood flow, aid in healing, and reduce pain 
    • Promotes relaxation of the injured and surrounding muscles, reducing any pain due to spinal nerve impingement or joint compression