temporomandibular joint (TMJ) issues 

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) refers to the articulation of the jaw bone (the mandible) with one of the cranial bones (the temporal bone). This joint is a sliding hinge joint that is stabilized by surrounding structures including an articular disk and cartilage. 

There are a handful of reasons for TMJ pain or discomfort, but in most cases this pain/discomfort is temporary and can be managed with non-surgical treatments, and self-managed care. TMJ issues or disorders may occur in some cases when:

• The articular disk within the TMJ erodes or moves out of alignment
• Damage to local cartilage due to arthritis
• Trauma to the joint resulting in joint damage 

​However, in some cases, the cause of TMJ is not clear. 

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symptoms

• Jaw pain, tenderness, or discomfort
• TMJ pain, discomfort, or dysfunction
• Ear aches, or pain surrounding the ear 
• Painful or difficulty chewing
• Facial aches or pain
• Difficulty opening or closing the mouth (jaw locking)

causes

• Genetics
• Arthritis
• Jaw injury 
• Frequent grinding or clenching of the teeth 

treatment

• Medication (such as anti-inflammatories or pain medication)
• Mouth guards (if recommended by a physician)
• Physiotherapy
• Massage therapy 
• Ice or heat therapy 
• Acupuncture 
• Biofeedback or relaxation techniques 
• Surgery (beneficial in some cases)

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how does physiotherapy help?

• Physiotherapists can develop a personalized exercise program with a focus on strengthen surrounding muscles and improving flexibility and range of motion.
  • ​A modified exercise program is also helpful in reducing the risk of further injury or damage
• Heat therapy can be helpful in improving blood circulation in the jaw while ice therapy may be used to reduce swelling and relieve pain. 
• Manual therapy helps relieve tension in overused muscles to reduce any excess strain placed on the TMJ
• Intramuscular stimulation (IMS) induces local inflammation to improve blood flow, aid in healing, and reduce pain 
  • Promotes relaxation of the injured and surrounding muscles, reducing any pain due to spinal nerve impingement or joint compression